What is the supreme law of the land?

The Constitution is referred to as the supreme law of the land because it establishes the foundational legal framework and principles of governance for the United States. It outlines the structure of the federal government, delineates the powers granted to each branch, and serves as the highest authority in interpreting laws and resolving conflicts between different levels of government. When any law, including federal laws, state laws, or even treaties, contradicts the Constitution, the Constitution prevails, ensuring that all laws align with its principles. This supremacy is further reinforced by the Supremacy Clause found in Article VI, which explicitly states that the Constitution, along with federal laws made pursuant to it, takes precedence over state laws.

In contrast, the Bill of Rights, while vital as the first ten amendments that guarantee individual liberties, is part of the Constitution rather than a standalone document with supreme authority. The Declaration of Independence, meanwhile, serves as a historical document outlining the colonies' break from British rule and expressing fundamental rights but does not have legal standing as a governing law. Federal laws are indeed significant within the legal system, but they are subordinate to the Constitution itself. Thus, the Constitution stands as the ultimate legal authority in the American legal hierarchy.