Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution is significant because it formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Ratified in December 1865, this amendment marked a crucial turning point in American history, effectively ending the legal institution of slavery that had existed in various forms since the founding of the country. The language of the amendment clearly states that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, shall exist within the United States." This declaration laid the foundation for future civil rights advancements and was a vital step toward ensuring freedom and equality for all individuals within the nation.

In contrast, the other amendments mentioned—the 14th, 15th, and 19th—address different aspects of civil rights and liberties. The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, focuses on citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote, thus expanding political rights but not specifically